UNERWATER VIDEO INSPECTION

AQUA MONT has big experience in underwater video inspection of objects and terrenes.
Except underwater inspection Aqua Mont provides also video inspection of objects that are inaccessible from any reason, for example polluted atmosphere, explosive atmosphere etc.

Techniques of underwater inspection are:

· Underwater TV system - allows direct transmission and permanent communication with diver in real time
· Recording with autonomous underwater video camera
· Underwater photography
· Visual observation

Underwater video inspections conducted untill now are:

1997.
· The Spring Krupac - Nis Water Supply System / cave diving with direct video transmission from depth of 72 m.
· The Hydro Electric Power-station Bajina Basta / video inspection of base incoming metal bars from depth of 45 to 72 meters.

1998
· The Hydro Electric Power-station Bajina Basta / inspection of in/out lateral separation tunnels.
· The Spring Krupac - Nis Water Supply System / video inspection of drill holes from 65 meters of depth.

1999
· The Break-water of Bar Harbor / video inspection in length of 1,5 Km. (1500m)
· The Hydro Electric Power-station Bajina Basta / video inspection of in/out lateral separation of accumulation from depth of 65 m.
· Harbour Tunis - Tunis / video inspection

2000
· The Water Supply System Novi Sad / inspection of Rein forced concrete Collector in length of 2100m - explosive and polluted atmosphere.
· The Hydro Electric Power-station Zvornik
· The Spring Krupac / video inspection of newly installed water pumps (by Aqua Mont) at depth of 30 m - cave area.
· The Spring Sekeri Pinari / Turkey, camera inspection from depth of 32 m. - cave area.

2001
· The Water Supply System of Belgrade / video inspection of drainage systems.

IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION (ICCP)

1. PREFACE
2. CORROSION PHENOMENA
3. CATHODIC PRETECTION
3.1 Cathodic protection with sacrificial anodes
3.2 Criteria for cathodic protection of iron and steel
4. IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION (ICCP)
4.1 Anodes for ICCP system
4.2 ICCP system components
4.3 The design of the ICCP systems
5. CATHODIC PROTECTION OF SHIPS
6. THE ICCP SYSTEM FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
7. THE ICCP SYSTEM FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION OF ONSHORE STRUCTURES
8. THE SCOPE OF OUR ACTIVITIES ON ICCP SYSTEMS LIST OF SOME REFERENCES

Made by Professor Nedeljko Krstajic PhD - Download Microsoft's document file ICCP.doc

CAVE DIVING

First cave diving on territory of today's Yugoslavia heave been done during sixties and were connected with name of Boza Paljetak.
During seventies, at Speleological Club as a section of Belgrade Mountaineering Society, first team of cave divers was formed. The leader was cave explorer and diver Mika Bakic.
With some success cave diving activities were proceeded until early eighties, when stagnation started.
At the beginning of nineties, a new generation of cave divers have been formed, which became the leader of this activity until today. Active continuing cooperation with French cave divers made great contribution to successful and qualitative work of today's cave diver's generation.

AQUA MONT gathers divers, who have provided almost complete cave diving activity in Yugoslavia from the beginning of nineties until today. According to several years long cooperation with French cave-divers, who are considered to be among the best in the world, we work in accordance with current world standards for cave diving.
We have done a lot of (cave diving) expeditions on Serbian and Montenegro territory, as well as out of the country with significant results in all tree main aspects of cave diving: Sports, Scientifically and Economical.
First two aspects are almost always included, but the economical is going to be very important in the future, especially because underground waters are not explored and have not been used enough.
Cave diving is one of the techniques of exploring karst (lime-stones) undergrounds filled up of water. Closed space and lack of day-light are the most expressive characteristics of that environment.
These two characteristics define standards and procedures in research technology, which are being realized trough three equally important features:

1. Organization and planning of cave diving research
2. Members of the team, and
3. Equipment

Obeying every particular part of current standards and procedures we have provided numerous expeditions without any incident.

EXPLORED OBJECTS ON TERRITORY OF FR YUGOSLAVIA IN PERIOD 1992 - 2000.

REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

REPUBLIC OF MONTENEGRO

TURKEY

WITH THESE ORGANIZATIONS WE HAD COOPERATION DURING 1992 - 2000

1. The French Diving Federation
In period 1994 - 1998 we had active cooperation with top French cave divers.
2. The Institute for Geological Research - Podgorica (Montenegro)
In period 1994 - 1998 they supported work of French- Yugoslav team and made possible our work on territory of Republic Montenegro.
3. The Faculty for Mining and Geology in Belgrade
Cooperation on investigation works, location Taor spring and other relevant activities.
4. The Institute for Watereconomy Jaroslav Cerni
In period 1996 - 1998 investigation works, montage of equipment needed for water drawing, underwater geodesy - Spring Krupac, watersupply of town Nis.
5. The Institute for Nature Protection of Serbia
Several researches on territory of Republic Serbia
6. Naissus - Company for Water supply System and Sewerage
In period 1996 - 2000 underwater works on spring Krupac.
7. The Municipal Superintendence Group for Constructing of town Nis
Research of Kravlje and Taor springs during 1999 - 2000.
8. The Company Hayat - Danone S.A. Turkey, Spring Seker Pinari

TECHNOLOGY OF CAVE DIVING RESARCH

Concerning all difficulties of cave diving environment, it is important to follow certain standards and procedures due to safety, efficiency and quality of research.
Standards and procedures in cave diving are being realized trough three equally important aspects:
1. organization and planning of cave diving research
2. people in the team
3. equipment

In short about all this segments:

1. Organization and planning of cave diving research

Basic principle in organization of cave diving activities is work step by step.
Essence of this way of work is to have a clear picture of all possible problems and difficulties and to prepare every next phase concerning any inconvenience.
First step in cave diving research is informative diving. The main aim is getting familiar with new surrounding:
- Elementary topography:
- entrance siphon channel azimuth
- siphon channel dimension
- secondary entrances
- depths at characteristic positions
- distance and estimation for further exploration
- last direction
- Visibility
- Water temperature
- Water stream
- Maximum depth
- Difficulties ( narrowing, alluvium of mud and tree boughs )
- Presence of fauna

On the base of informative diving we get basic elements for next phase.
Team work is very important, not only during transport to diving location; but during arrange of explored parts of location for further cave diving.
Concept of cave diving vary often demands unaccompanied dives. In order to make it safe and efficient, it is necessary for diver to:
- be psycho-physically healthy
- have all important knowledge and experience
- work with equipment according to relevant standards

Each diving has to have definite goal. On the basis of that, main diving parameters should be define - depth and time which characterize breathing media (appropriate mix of gases) and autonomy, respecting the one third rule.

Breathing-gas usage in function of diving depths

2. People in the team

Specified aim of every phase determines number and structure of people in the team.
Good diving and speleological experience, and also good discipline are very important for successful work.
Minimal cave diving team consists two members.

3. Equipment

Engaged equipment is adapted by elements from preliminary phase and defined aim and cannot be common, because it depends on concrete situation. That is why there is no universal equipment fund for cave diving.
For informative diving at new location, only minimum equipment is necessary.
The most characteristic elements of cave diving equipment are:
- guideline
- two separated bottles, each with it is own regulator and manometer
- helmet with two light resources.

CONCLUSION

Cave diving activities have three aspects:
- Sport
- Scientifical and
- Economical
First two aspects are almost always included, but the economical is going to be very important in the future.

Underground waters are not explored and have not been used enough.
They are important strategic resource of our environment.

To make safe, efficient and qualitative explorations and to get useful results (for science or economy), it is important to:
- follow cave diving standards and procedures
- follow standards in collecting and writing down the information
- systematization in work
- spread cave divers activity, but without pulling down standards
- follow up world's actualities and foreign exchange
- concrete cooperation with interested scientific and economic institutions.